Within the framework of a critical approach to the topic of human rights, related to the foundations that constitute its existence as a possibility, this paper analyzes three philosophical perspectives related to this topic: liberalism, conservatism and neoliberalism. The work thus examines the historical origins of each of these currents, their main representatives, and the possible coincidences and differences between them. It is expected to demonstrate that, in its analysis of human rights, none of the three chosen traditions has managed to overcome the legal dimension, ignoring almost completely the ethical-normative and utopian dimensions perspectives.