Further south, the Chilean NS have more SOC in surface horizons thus enabling more intensive iron trans location with the reactive soils pools decreasing with the latitude. The iron-cemented layers probably consist of goethite, ferrihydrite and gibbsite. A 51.8% of bog iron are compound of Fe while only 36.2% in the placic horizon, which also have 12.1% of Al2O3 in the molecular structure. Land uses in NS vary, from forestry to archaeology coexisting in these soils. In agricultural terms, we suggest a soil depth of 50 cm as the limit to drainage, shallower depth is at risk of severe soil degradation. Finally, several research questions are posed which may help to define the use and importance of the Nadi ecosystem to the people who use the soils currently and to future generations within the context of climate change scenario.