A concern of primary school teachers in Colombia is the low performance of students in mathematics and in State tests. Despite students are capable of solving algorithms, it is difficult for them to understand the statements of mathematical problems. The purpose of this article is to share a methodological proposal that contributes to the improvement of the levels of understanding and solving mathematical problems, from the concept of textual macro-structure, by integrating mathematics and language. The research, with a qualitative approach, was developed within the framework of action research. A theoretical foundation was made. There were three key phases: the diagnosis, the analysis of the information and, based on these two, the elaboration of the methodological proposal. The results are the diagnosis of difficulties and strengths when solving mathematical problems, the design of the methodological proposal with the reconstruction of macro-structures in the analysis of statements, and the principle of interdependence between mathematics and language.