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Mitigation of LEO satellite brightness and trail effects on the rubin observatory LSST
| Indexado |
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| DOI | 10.3847/1538-3881/ABBA3E | ||||
| Año | 2020 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Abstract
We report studies on the mitigation of optical effects of bright low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites on Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). These include options for pointing the telescope to avoid satellites, laboratory investigations of bright trails on the Rubin Observatory LSST camera sensors, algorithms for correcting image artifacts caused by bright trails, experiments on darkening SpaceX Starlink satellites, and ground-based follow-up observations. The original Starlink v0.9 satellites are g similar to 4.5 mag, and the initial experiment "DarkSat" is g similar to 6.1 mag. Future Starlink darkening plans may reach g similar to 7 mag, a brightness level that enables nonlinear image artifact correction to well below background noise. However, the satellite trails will still exist at a signal-to-noise ratio similar to 100, generating systematic errors that may impact data analysis and limit some science. For the Rubin Observatory 8.4 m mirror and a satellite at 550 km, the full width at half maximum of the trail is about 3 '' as the result of an out-of-focus effect, which helps avoid saturation by decreasing the peak surface brightness of the trail. For 48,000 LEOsats of apparent magnitude 4.5, about 1% of pixels in LSST nautical twilight images would need to be masked.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tyson, J. A. | - |
UNIV CALIF DAVIS - Estados Unidos
Rubin Observ - Estados Unidos University of California, Davis - Estados Unidos Rubin Observatory Project Office - Estados Unidos |
| 1 | Anthony Tyson, J. | - |
University of California, Davis - Estados Unidos
Rubin Observatory Project Office - Estados Unidos Rubin Observ - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Ivezic, Zeljko | Hombre |
Rubin Observ - Estados Unidos
UNIV WASHINGTON - Estados Unidos Rubin Observatory Project Office - Estados Unidos University of Washington, Seattle - Estados Unidos University of Washington - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Bradshaw, Andrew | Hombre |
SLAC - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 4 | Rawls, Meredith L. | Mujer |
UNIV WASHINGTON - Estados Unidos
University of Washington, Seattle - Estados Unidos University of Washington - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Xin, Bo | - |
Rubin Observ - Estados Unidos
Rubin Observatory Project Office - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Yoachim, Peter | Hombre |
UNIV WASHINGTON - Estados Unidos
University of Washington, Seattle - Estados Unidos University of Washington - Estados Unidos |
| 7 | Parejko, John | Hombre |
UNIV WASHINGTON - Estados Unidos
University of Washington, Seattle - Estados Unidos University of Washington - Estados Unidos |
| 8 | Greene, Jared | Hombre |
SpaceX - Estados Unidos
Space Exploration Technologies Corp. - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Sholl, Michael | Hombre |
SpaceX - Estados Unidos
Space Exploration Technologies Corp. - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | ABBOTT, TIMOTHY | Hombre |
MSO CTIO - Chile
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile |
| 11 | Polin, Daniel | Hombre |
UNIV CALIF DAVIS - Estados Unidos
University of California, Davis - Estados Unidos |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico |
| US National Science Foundation |
| NSF |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom |
| National Science Foundation (NSF) |
| DOE |
| Ministry of Science and Education of Spain |
| Higher Education Funding Council for England |
| National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
| Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University |
| Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University |
| Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao |
| US Department of Energy |
| Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) |
| U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) |
| Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago |
| Dark Energy Survey |
| Department of Energy (DOE) |
| SLAC |
| Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science |
| Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (NSF/AURA) |
| LSST Corporation |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| This research was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) grant DE-SC0009999, National Science Foundation and Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (NSF/AURA) grant N56981C, and NSF grant AST-2024216. This work was initiated at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by NSF grant PHY-1607611.The Rubin Observatory project is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, with early construction funding received from private donations through the LSST Corporation. The NSF-funded Project Office for construction was established as an operating center under management of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). The DOE-funded effort to build the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera (LSSTCam) is managed by the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC).NSF and DOE will continue to support Rubin Observatory in its Operations phase to carry out the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. They will also provide support for scientific research with the data. During operations NSF funding is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with NSF, and DOE funding is managed by SLAC under contract by DOE. Vera C. Rubin Observatory is operated by NSF's Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory and SLAC.This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has 20 been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey.The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF's NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the OzDES Membership Consortium, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. |
| The Rubin Observatory project is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, with early construction funding received from private donations through the LSST Corporation. The NSF-funded Project Office for construction was established as an operating center under management of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). The DOE-funded effort to build the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera (LSSTCam) is managed by the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC). |
| NSF and DOE will continue to support Rubin Observatory in its Operations phase to carry out the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. They will also provide support for scientific research with the data. During operations NSF funding is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with NSF, and DOE funding is managed by SLAC under contract by DOE. Vera C. Rubin Observatory is operated by NSF's Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory and SLAC. |
| This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has 20 been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. |
| The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF's NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the OzDES Membership Consortium, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. |
