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| DOI | 10.3847/2041-8213/AB8735 | ||||
| Año | 2020 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
While many studies have shown a correlation between properties of the light curves of SNe Ia and properties of their host galaxies, it remains unclear what is driving these correlations. We introduce a new direct method to study these correlations by analyzing "parent" galaxies that host multiple SNe Ia "siblings." Here, we search the Dark Energy Survey SN sample, one of the largest samples of discovered SNe, and find eight galaxies that hosted two likely SNe Ia. Comparing the light-curve properties of these SNe and recovered distances from the light curves, we find no better agreement between properties of SNe in the same galaxy as any random pair of galaxies, with the exception of the SN light-curve stretch. We show at 2.8 sigma significance that at least one-half of the intrinsic scatter of SNe Ia distance modulus residuals is not from common host properties. We also discuss the robustness with which we could make this evaluation with LSST, which will find 100x more pairs of galaxies, and pave a new line of study on the consistency of SNe Ia in the same parent galaxies. Finally, we argue that it is unlikely that some of these SNe are actually single, lensed SN with multiple images.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scolnic, D. | Hombre |
Duke Univ - Estados Unidos
Duke University - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Smith, Matthew | Hombre |
Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido |
| 3 | Massiah, A. | - |
Univ Connecticut - Estados Unidos
University of Connecticut - Estados Unidos |
| 4 | Wiseman, Philip | Hombre |
Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido |
| 5 | Brout, D. | Hombre |
UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Kessler, R. | Hombre |
UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos |
| 7 | Davis, T. M. | Mujer |
UNIV QUEENSLAND - Australia
The University of Queensland - Australia |
| 8 | Foley, R. J. | Hombre |
Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys - Estados Unidos
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Frohmaier, C. | Hombre |
Univ Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos
University of Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | Hinton, S. | Hombre |
UNIV QUEENSLAND - Australia
The University of Queensland - Australia |
| 11 | Hounsell, R. | - |
UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos |
| 12 | Kelsey, L. | - |
Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido |
| 13 | Lidman, Chris | Hombre |
Australian Natl Univ - Australia
The Australian National University - Australia |
| 14 | Macaulay, Edward | Hombre |
Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido |
| 15 | Morgan, R. | - |
UNIV WISCONSIN - Estados Unidos
University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos |
| 16 | Baran, Andrzej S. | Hombre |
Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido |
| 17 | Möller, A. | - |
Univ Clermont Auvergne - Francia
Université Clermont Auvergne - Francia Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont - Francia |
| 18 | Popovic, B. | - |
Duke Univ - Estados Unidos
Duke University - Estados Unidos |
| 19 | Sako, Masao | Hombre |
UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos |
| 20 | Sullivan, Mark | Hombre |
Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido |
| 21 | Thomas, B. P. | Hombre |
Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido |
| 22 | Tucker, Brad | Hombre |
Australian Natl Univ - Australia
The Australian National University - Australia |
| 23 | ABBOTT, TIMOTHY | Hombre |
Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo - Chile
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile |
| 24 | Aguena, M. | Hombre |
UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP - Brasil Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil |
| 25 | Allam, S. | Mujer |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 26 | Annis, James | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 27 | Avila, S. | Hombre |
UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España |
| 28 | Bechtol, K. | Hombre |
UNIV WISCONSIN - Estados Unidos
LSST - Estados Unidos University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos Large Synoptic Survey Telescope - Estados Unidos UW-Madison College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 29 | Bertin, E. | Hombre |
Inst Astrophys Paris - Francia
Sorbonne Univ - Francia Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris - Francia Sorbonne Université - Francia |
| 30 | Brooks, D. | - |
UCL - Reino Unido
University College London - Reino Unido |
| 31 | Burke, D. L. | Hombre |
Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos Stanford University - Estados Unidos SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 32 | Carnero Rosell, A. | Hombre |
Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España |
| 33 | Carollo, D. | Mujer |
Astrophys Observ Turin - Italia
Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica, Rome - Italia |
| 34 | Carr, A. | Hombre |
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 35 | Carretero, J. | Hombre |
Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol - España
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra - España |
| 36 | Costanzi, M. | Hombre |
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Italia
Inst Fundamental Phys Universe - Italia Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste - Italia Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe - Italia Università degli Studi di Trieste - Italia INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste - Italia |
| 37 | da Costa, L. N. | Hombre |
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Observ Nacl - Brasil Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil Observatório Nacional - Brasil |
| 38 | CORDERO-GARAYAR, JUAN PABLO | Hombre |
Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España |
| 39 | Desai, S. | - |
IIT Hyderabad - India
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad - India |
| 40 | Diehl, H. T. | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 41 | Doel, Peter | Hombre |
UCL - Reino Unido
University College London - Reino Unido |
| 42 | Drlica-Wagner, A. | Hombre |
UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 43 | Eckert, Kathleen D. | Mujer |
UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos |
| 44 | Eifler, T. F. | Hombre |
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
CALTECH - Estados Unidos The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 45 | Everett, S. | Hombre |
Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys - Estados Unidos
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics - Estados Unidos |
| 46 | Flaugher, B. | Mujer |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 47 | Fosalba, P. | Hombre |
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC - España
CSIC - España Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña - España CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - España Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - España |
| 48 | Frieman, J. | Hombre |
UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos |
| 49 | Garcia-Bellido, J. | Hombre |
UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España |
| 50 | Gaztanaga, Enrique | Hombre |
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC - España
CSIC - España Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña - España CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - España Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - España |
| 51 | Gerdes, D. W. | Hombre |
UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos |
| 52 | Glazebrook, Karl | Hombre |
Swinburne Univ Technol - Australia
Swinburne University of Technology - Australia |
| 53 | Gruen, D. | Hombre |
Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos Stanford University - Estados Unidos SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 54 | Gruen, D. | Hombre |
Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos Stanford University - Estados Unidos SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 55 | Gschwend, Julia | Mujer |
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Observ Nacl - Brasil Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil Observatório Nacional - Brasil |
| 56 | GUTIERREZ-GALLARDO, GONZALO JAVIER | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 57 | Hartley, W. G. | - |
UCL - Reino Unido
Swiss Fed Inst Technol - Suiza University College London - Reino Unido ETH Zurich - Suiza |
| 58 | Hollowood, D. L. | Hombre |
Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys - Estados Unidos
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics - Estados Unidos |
| 59 | Honscheid, K. | Hombre |
OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos |
| 60 | James, David J. | Hombre |
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos |
| 61 | Kuehn, K. | Hombre |
Macquarie Univ - Australia
Lowell Observ - Estados Unidos Macquarie University - Australia Lowell Observatory - Estados Unidos |
| 62 | Kuropatkin, N. | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 63 | Lewis, Geraint | Hombre |
UNIV SYDNEY - Australia
The University of Sydney - Australia |
| 64 | Bulik, T. | Hombre |
Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos
Observ Carnegie Inst Sci - Estados Unidos Princeton University - Estados Unidos Observatorio Las Campanas - Estados Unidos Carnegie Observatories - Estados Unidos |
| 65 | LIMA-ARCE, MAURICIO | Hombre |
UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP - Brasil Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil |
| 66 | Maia, M. A. G. | Hombre |
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Observ Nacl - Brasil Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil Observatório Nacional - Brasil |
| 67 | Marshall, Jennifer | Mujer |
Texas A&M Univ - Estados Unidos
Texas A&M University - Estados Unidos |
| 68 | Menanteau, F. | Hombre |
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 69 | Miquel, R. | Hombre |
Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol - España
Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats - España Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra - España Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats - España |
| 70 | Palmese, A. | Mujer |
UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos |
| 71 | Paz-Chinchon, F. | Hombre |
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 72 | PLAZAS-MALAGON, ANDRES ALEJANDRO | Hombre |
Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos
Princeton University - Estados Unidos |
| 73 | Pursiainen, M. | Hombre |
Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido |
| 74 | Sanchez, Eusebio | Hombre |
Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España |
| 75 | Scarpine, V | - |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 76 | Schubnell, M. | Hombre |
UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos |
| 77 | Serrano, S. | Hombre |
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC - España
CSIC - España Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña - España CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - España Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - España |
| 78 | Sevilla, Ignacio | Hombre |
Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España |
| 79 | Sommer, N. E. | - |
Australian Natl Univ - Australia
The Australian National University - Australia |
| 80 | Suchyta, E. | Hombre |
Oak Ridge Natl Lab - Estados Unidos
Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 81 | Swanson, M. E. C. | Mujer |
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 82 | Tarle, Gregory | Hombre |
UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos |
| 83 | Varga, Tamas Norbert | Hombre |
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys - Alemania
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen - Alemania Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Alemania |
| 84 | WALKER, ALISTAIR | Hombre |
Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo - Chile
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile |
| 85 | Wilkinson, R. | - |
Univ Sussex - Reino Unido
University of Sussex - Reino Unido |
| 86 | DES Collaboration | Corporación |
| Fuente |
|---|
| MINECO |
| National Science Foundation |
| Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico |
| European Union |
| NSF |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos |
| U.S. Department of Energy |
| U.S. National Science Foundation |
| Ohio State University |
| NASA |
| ERC |
| STFC |
| David and Lucile Packard Foundation |
| Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| University of Portsmouth |
| University of Chicago |
| Australian Astronomical Observatory |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom |
| European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant |
| University of Cambridge |
| DOE |
| University of Michigan |
| Ministry of Science and Education of Spain |
| Higher Education Funding Council for England |
| National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
| Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago |
| Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University |
| Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University |
| Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao |
| Argonne National Laboratory |
| University College London |
| University of Edinburgh |
| Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich |
| Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory |
| Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC) |
| Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies |
| Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen |
| National Optical Astronomy Observatory |
| University of Nottingham |
| OzDES Membership Consortium |
| University of Pennsylvania |
| SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory |
| University of Sussex |
| Texas AM University |
| University of California at Santa Cruz |
| Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid |
| Stanford University |
| DES-Brazil Consortium |
| CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya |
| Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq) |
| U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme |
| Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) |
| associated Excellence Cluster Universe |
| EU/FP7-ERC |
| Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy |
| Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation |
| University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign |
| HeisingSimons Foundation |
| European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/20072013) |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| D.S. is supported by DOE grant DE-SC0010007, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. D.S. and R.K. are supported in part by NASA under Contract No. NNG17PX03C issued through the WFIRST Science Investigation Teams Programme. D.B. and M.S. were supported by DOE grant DE-FOA0001358 and NSF grant AST-1517742. L.G. was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 839090. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are grateful for the support of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center for assistance with the calculations carried out in this work. R.F. is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1518052 and AST1815935, the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, the HeisingSimons Foundation, and by fellowships from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, as well as the NASA contract above. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/20072013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020, and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). We acknowledge support from EU/FP7-ERC grant No. 615929. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Based in part on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program A/2013B/012. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. |
| Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. |
| The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. |
| The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/20072013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020, and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). We acknowledge support from EU/FP7-ERC grant No. 615929. |
| This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. |
| Based in part on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program A/2013B/012. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. |