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Supernova Siblings: Assessing the Consistency of Properties of Type Ia Supernovae that Share the Same Parent Galaxies
Indexado
WoS WOS:000543267300001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85087012341
DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/AB8735
Año 2020
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



While many studies have shown a correlation between properties of the light curves of SNe Ia and properties of their host galaxies, it remains unclear what is driving these correlations. We introduce a new direct method to study these correlations by analyzing "parent" galaxies that host multiple SNe Ia "siblings." Here, we search the Dark Energy Survey SN sample, one of the largest samples of discovered SNe, and find eight galaxies that hosted two likely SNe Ia. Comparing the light-curve properties of these SNe and recovered distances from the light curves, we find no better agreement between properties of SNe in the same galaxy as any random pair of galaxies, with the exception of the SN light-curve stretch. We show at 2.8 sigma significance that at least one-half of the intrinsic scatter of SNe Ia distance modulus residuals is not from common host properties. We also discuss the robustness with which we could make this evaluation with LSST, which will find 100x more pairs of galaxies, and pave a new line of study on the consistency of SNe Ia in the same parent galaxies. Finally, we argue that it is unlikely that some of these SNe are actually single, lensed SN with multiple images.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Scolnic, D. Hombre Duke Univ - Estados Unidos
Duke University - Estados Unidos
2 Smith, Matthew Hombre Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido
3 Massiah, A. - Univ Connecticut - Estados Unidos
University of Connecticut - Estados Unidos
4 Wiseman, Philip Hombre Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido
5 Brout, D. Hombre UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos
6 Kessler, R. Hombre UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos
7 Davis, T. M. Mujer UNIV QUEENSLAND - Australia
The University of Queensland - Australia
8 Foley, R. J. Hombre Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys - Estados Unidos
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics - Estados Unidos
9 Frohmaier, C. Hombre Univ Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos
University of Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos
10 Hinton, S. Hombre UNIV QUEENSLAND - Australia
The University of Queensland - Australia
11 Hounsell, R. - UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos
12 Kelsey, L. - Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido
13 Lidman, Chris Hombre Australian Natl Univ - Australia
The Australian National University - Australia
14 Macaulay, Edward Hombre Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido
15 Morgan, R. - UNIV WISCONSIN - Estados Unidos
University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos
16 Baran, Andrzej S. Hombre Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido
17 Möller, A. - Univ Clermont Auvergne - Francia
Université Clermont Auvergne - Francia
Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont - Francia
18 Popovic, B. - Duke Univ - Estados Unidos
Duke University - Estados Unidos
19 Sako, Masao Hombre UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos
20 Sullivan, Mark Hombre Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido
21 Thomas, B. P. Hombre Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido
22 Tucker, Brad Hombre Australian Natl Univ - Australia
The Australian National University - Australia
23 ABBOTT, TIMOTHY Hombre Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo - Chile
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile
24 Aguena, M. Hombre UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP - Brasil
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
25 Allam, S. Mujer Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
26 Annis, James Hombre Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
27 Avila, S. Hombre UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España
28 Bechtol, K. Hombre UNIV WISCONSIN - Estados Unidos
LSST - Estados Unidos
University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope - Estados Unidos
UW-Madison College of Engineering - Estados Unidos
29 Bertin, E. Hombre Inst Astrophys Paris - Francia
Sorbonne Univ - Francia
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris - Francia
Sorbonne Université - Francia
30 Brooks, D. - UCL - Reino Unido
University College London - Reino Unido
31 Burke, D. L. Hombre Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
Stanford University - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos
32 Carnero Rosell, A. Hombre Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España
33 Carollo, D. Mujer Astrophys Observ Turin - Italia
Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica, Rome - Italia
34 Carr, A. Hombre UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
35 Carretero, J. Hombre Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol - España
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra - España
36 Costanzi, M. Hombre Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Italia
Inst Fundamental Phys Universe - Italia
Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste - Italia
Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe - Italia
Università degli Studi di Trieste - Italia
INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste - Italia
37 da Costa, L. N. Hombre Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Observ Nacl - Brasil
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil
Observatório Nacional - Brasil
38 CORDERO-GARAYAR, JUAN PABLO Hombre Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España
39 Desai, S. - IIT Hyderabad - India
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad - India
40 Diehl, H. T. Hombre Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
41 Doel, Peter Hombre UCL - Reino Unido
University College London - Reino Unido
42 Drlica-Wagner, A. Hombre UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
43 Eckert, Kathleen D. Mujer UNIV PENN - Estados Unidos
University of Pennsylvania - Estados Unidos
44 Eifler, T. F. Hombre UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
CALTECH - Estados Unidos
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Estados Unidos
45 Everett, S. Hombre Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys - Estados Unidos
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics - Estados Unidos
46 Flaugher, B. Mujer Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
47 Fosalba, P. Hombre Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC - España
CSIC - España
Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña - España
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - España
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - España
48 Frieman, J. Hombre UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
49 Garcia-Bellido, J. Hombre UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España
50 Gaztanaga, Enrique Hombre Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC - España
CSIC - España
Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña - España
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - España
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - España
51 Gerdes, D. W. Hombre UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos
52 Glazebrook, Karl Hombre Swinburne Univ Technol - Australia
Swinburne University of Technology - Australia
53 Gruen, D. Hombre Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
Stanford University - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos
54 Gruen, D. Hombre Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
Stanford University - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos
55 Gschwend, Julia Mujer Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Observ Nacl - Brasil
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil
Observatório Nacional - Brasil
56 GUTIERREZ-GALLARDO, GONZALO JAVIER Hombre Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
57 Hartley, W. G. - UCL - Reino Unido
Swiss Fed Inst Technol - Suiza
University College London - Reino Unido
ETH Zurich - Suiza
58 Hollowood, D. L. Hombre Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys - Estados Unidos
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics - Estados Unidos
59 Honscheid, K. Hombre OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
60 James, David J. Hombre Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
61 Kuehn, K. Hombre Macquarie Univ - Australia
Lowell Observ - Estados Unidos
Macquarie University - Australia
Lowell Observatory - Estados Unidos
62 Kuropatkin, N. Hombre Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
63 Lewis, Geraint Hombre UNIV SYDNEY - Australia
The University of Sydney - Australia
64 Bulik, T. Hombre Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos
Observ Carnegie Inst Sci - Estados Unidos
Princeton University - Estados Unidos
Observatorio Las Campanas - Estados Unidos
Carnegie Observatories - Estados Unidos
65 LIMA-ARCE, MAURICIO Hombre UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP - Brasil
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
66 Maia, M. A. G. Hombre Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA - Brasil
Observ Nacl - Brasil
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - Brasil
Observatório Nacional - Brasil
67 Marshall, Jennifer Mujer Texas A&M Univ - Estados Unidos
Texas A&M University - Estados Unidos
68 Menanteau, F. Hombre UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
69 Miquel, R. Hombre Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol - España
Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats - España
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra - España
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats - España
70 Palmese, A. Mujer UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
71 Paz-Chinchon, F. Hombre UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
72 PLAZAS-MALAGON, ANDRES ALEJANDRO Hombre Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos
Princeton University - Estados Unidos
73 Pursiainen, M. Hombre Univ Southampton - Reino Unido
University of Southampton - Reino Unido
74 Sanchez, Eusebio Hombre Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España
75 Scarpine, V - Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
76 Schubnell, M. Hombre UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos
77 Serrano, S. Hombre Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC - España
CSIC - España
Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña - España
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - España
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - España
78 Sevilla, Ignacio Hombre Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM - España
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - España
79 Sommer, N. E. - Australian Natl Univ - Australia
The Australian National University - Australia
80 Suchyta, E. Hombre Oak Ridge Natl Lab - Estados Unidos
Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Estados Unidos
81 Swanson, M. E. C. Mujer Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
82 Tarle, Gregory Hombre UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos
83 Varga, Tamas Norbert Hombre Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys - Alemania
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen - Alemania
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Alemania
84 WALKER, ALISTAIR Hombre Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo - Chile
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile
85 Wilkinson, R. - Univ Sussex - Reino Unido
University of Sussex - Reino Unido
86 DES Collaboration Corporación

Muestra la afiliación y género (detectado) para los co-autores de la publicación.

Financiamiento



Fuente
MINECO
National Science Foundation
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
European Union
NSF
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. National Science Foundation
Ohio State University
NASA
ERC
STFC
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of Portsmouth
University of Chicago
Australian Astronomical Observatory
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant
University of Cambridge
DOE
University of Michigan
Ministry of Science and Education of Spain
Higher Education Funding Council for England
National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago
Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University
Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao
Argonne National Laboratory
University College London
University of Edinburgh
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC)
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies
Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
University of Nottingham
OzDES Membership Consortium
University of Pennsylvania
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
University of Sussex
Texas AM University
University of California at Santa Cruz
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid
Stanford University
DES-Brazil Consortium
CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya
Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO)
associated Excellence Cluster Universe
EU/FP7-ERC
Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation
University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign
HeisingSimons Foundation
European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/20072013)

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
D.S. is supported by DOE grant DE-SC0010007, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. D.S. and R.K. are supported in part by NASA under Contract No. NNG17PX03C issued through the WFIRST Science Investigation Teams Programme. D.B. and M.S. were supported by DOE grant DE-FOA0001358 and NSF grant AST-1517742. L.G. was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 839090. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are grateful for the support of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center for assistance with the calculations carried out in this work. R.F. is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1518052 and AST1815935, the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, the HeisingSimons Foundation, and by fellowships from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, as well as the NASA contract above. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/20072013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020, and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). We acknowledge support from EU/FP7-ERC grant No. 615929. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Based in part on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program A/2013B/012. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present.
Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey.
The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium.
The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/20072013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020, and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). We acknowledge support from EU/FP7-ERC grant No. 615929.
This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Based in part on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program A/2013B/012. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.