This article aims to analyze the current situation of representative politics in Latin America, within the framework of the restoration process of parties and / or coalitions belonging to the political right, taking into account projected structural changes in the following phases of the capitalist modernization process. Methodology: descriptive study of a theoretical and reflective nature, with a review of the literature on political cultures, focused on the "founding myth" of transitions to democracy. The structure is based on a brief contextualization of the phenomenon of electoral backward movement of the left, to later deepen, from the category of political cultures, the transitions to democracy in the region and its impact on the consolidation of legal, political and cultural mechanisms that favored demobilization and social immobility. Finally, the results of the analysis show that the left in Latin America is facing a period of profound resignification having to respond to the enormous challenge of rethinking relations between the State, society and the economy, in an effort to definitively overcome explanatory and legitimating accounts, typical of the founding myth of the defeat of dictatorships and the transition to democracies.