In this paper we construct a theorical and conceptual framework to analyze the exercise of power in the social construction of space. For that purpose, we acknowledge the influence of both, general or systemic elements and the capacity of individuals and organizations to bring about a change. We argue that power is exercised across geographical scales by individuals that hold differential capacity to affect outcomes. The case study analyzed -the peripheral urbanization of the regions of Valparaíso and Santiago in Chile- shows that systemic factors have weaken the basis for community organization to influence on decisions that affect them. Political and economic elites, in turn, control strategic nodes in decision making processes, what is related to the possibilities and constraints related to Chile economic model.