This article focuses on the analysis of some factors that would be widening the gap between the dynamism on the agricultural sector and progress related to reduce rural poverty. This is analyzed in relation to the different countries capacity about the progress on these two dimensions, poverty and growth. Here begin the question about what are the ways to create a new research agenda and political discussion in the current trends in agricultural and rural development on Latin America. From this perspective, the article refers to the origin of the initial hypothesis, which proposes a vision of the impact of development models on rural poverty that dominated the region. Then, a synthesis of main results obtained in each of the eight countries where the studies were conducted. Thirdly, the main conclusion of this work. Finally, we present the public policy agenda, main issues to overcome situations of rural poverty.