This article seeks to expose the bonds between the mythical and fictional character Robinson Crusoe, the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the utopian educator Simón Rodríguez in the historical novel La Isla de Robinson (1981) de Arturo Uslar Pietri. The story explores the process of Latin American independence in the 19th century through the character of Simon Rodríguez, Simón Bolívar's private tutor, transformed in Samuel Robinson for 26 years. First, we'll approach, from a mythocritical perspective, the emergence of Robinson's figure in the tale of the Latin American writer and its impact on the "Latin American identity" issue. Then, we'll study the characteristics of the education project of Rodríguez in the historical novel. Finally, we'll focus on the subversion of the mythical figure of Robinson Crusoe in this Latin American utopian discourse.