Microtubule (MT) organization and dynamics downstream of external cues is crucial for maintaining cellular architecture and the generation of cell asymmetries. In interphase cells rhoa, rac, and Cdc42, conspicuous members of the family of small rho GTPases, have major roles in modulating MT stability, and hence polarized cell behaviors. However, MTs are not mere targets of rho GTPases, but also serve as signaling platforms coupling MT dynamics to rho GTPase activation in a variety of cellular conditions. In this article, we review some of the key studies describing the reciprocal relationship between small rho-GTPases and MTs during migration and polarization. © 2014 Landes Bioscience.