The performance of terrestrial materials, tools, and equipment has synergized over thousands of years. As the prospect of mining and construction in space increases, mining and construction engineers are challenged to design and test technologies that will perform under conditions totally different from those on Earth. The Space Mining and Construction Laboratory (SMCL) at the University of New South Wales has been working on several research projects experimenting with new building methods and materials for space. Of course, sustainability in these extreme environments is critical as the supply of material, machinery, and other necessities from Earth is cost prohibitive. The goal of every project is to design solutions that rely more than 95% on in situ resources (ISRUs). This paper presents the ongoing experimental work in lunar and asteroid mining, waterless concrete, and in situ thermal energy storage. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.