This article addresses the dynamics that took place in the Andean territory of the Tarapacá province regarding the legal regulations of property and the exploitation of productive resources between the decades of 1880 y 1920. Particular emphasis has been placed on the description and analysis of the overlapping mechanisms that were created from the participation of Andean peasants and also of Chilean state officials in order to settle and validate the property and the use of lands and water in a high complexity environment such as Chilenization.