Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rarely arises in the setting of solid organ transplantation, IBD has a higher incidence in this setting than in the general population and poses challenging management issues. The most common association is hepatic orthotopic transplant for primary sclerosing cholangitis. This article discusses IBD in the setting of liver transplantation, including both the development of de novo IBD and the evolution of preexisting IBD posttransplant, as well as management considerations in addressing colorectal cancer risk in this patient population.