This paper addresses the trajectory and characteristics of the changes that the Chilean society experienced from the attempted Chilean road to socialism, to its fall and the subsequent implementation of the neoliberal model during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. It is noted that in this process violence and fear were important aspects that have marked the Chilean society. At the same time we can see that inequality has been a persistent problem that has not been resolved with the neoliberal formulae initiated during the dictatorship and largely maintained since the return to democracy.