In this article, we present the results of a first approach to the mathematical practices of two Mapuche students of public schools with and without Bilingual Intercultural Education (EIB). These results are part of a research project in development on the linking of mathematical practices of Mapuche culture and school mathematics. We present an epistemic-cognitive analysis that seeks to show possible semiotic conflicts and identity in the Mapuche students at the start of learning numeration in compulsory education. The results of the analysis of mathematical practices show the need for research that addresses the epistemic articulation of the Mapuche and school mathematics, to promote the Mapuche student' s cognitive and identity development.