During the Pentekontaetia, took place the first war episode after the Persian Wars, fighting the Athenian League against the Persian Empire in Egypt (460 b.C.) Through the sources of Thucydides, Diodorus Siculus, Ctesias and Isocrates, it is possible to know this event, but it is mandatory to stop and reflect to analyse international consequences of this while hostilities between Athens and Sparta were breaking out. The Athenian expedition to Egypt reveals an internal policy that sought to expand the economical empire and establish a Mediterranean policy to ensure partnerships with non-Hellenic states. This policy failed with the expedition to Egypt (460 B.C.) and then during the first Athenian campaign into Sicily (426 B.C.).