In the framework of an archaeological project at two important Inca sites in Chile (Ruinas de Chada and Pucará de Chena), the meaning of heritage to local communities is addressed. Heritage is considered from a political logic, defined by tensions concerning the past and identities which acquire importance. Qualitative analysis was used to study different discourses on local history and the social environment at the two archaeological sites. In conclusion, the influence of historical, social and political contexts on the way in which heritage is constructed are recognized.