We are in the middle of great changes in health care worldwide. There is great pressure to contain costs, population ages rapidly and at the same time significant technological advances are continuously incorporated into medical practice. In the near future, it is likely that reimbursement and incentive mechanisms will also change, and progress will be made towards what has been called value-based medical care, where compensation will be directly related to clinical outcomes. Anesthesiology as a specialty, needs also to adapt to these new scenarios, given that the perioperative period as a whole have been observed as not very efficient and susceptible to improvement. This is why, in many places, anesthesiologists, given their wide range of clinical skills, are beginning to expand their field of action towards clinical activities outside the operating room, taking care of the patient through all their surgical process, which has been called Perioperative Medicine. The anesthesiologist is evolving towards this new type of specialist and this is how they effectively add value to medical care as a whole.