Objective: The objective of the present study is to characterise the epidemiological and legal data on medical malpractice ruled by the Chilean Supreme Court (CSC) in the years 2014 and 2015. Material and method: A search of the CSC electronic database was conducted to identify and analyse CSC rulings for criminal and civil medical malpractice cases. Results: A total of 110 malpractice cases were identified. The CSC received only civil cases of medical malpractices during the studied period. The average duration of the trial was 39 months. Gynaecologists faced suits more frequently than any other type of specialist. The majority of cases were associated with the public health system. More claims were associated with scheduled than with emergency care. Likewise, more claims. were associated with non-surgical treatment than with surgical procedures. More than a third (39%) of the cases resulted in the patient's death. The majority of CSC rulings were in favour of the defendants. Conclusions: An urgent analysis of the risk factors is necessary, not only of the occurrence of malpractice, but also of doctor-patient conflicts by judicial means, especially in the gynaecological-obstetrics area. In addition, considering that the trials not only involve a high economic cost, but also psychological and emotional one, for all involved, an analysis of the judicial mechanisms of these types of cases could help resolve them, and when possible, in preliminary courts or in shorter judicial processes, benefiting all parties.