The present research pretends to refl ect about the problem of freedom and highlight the implication of the contributions that the II Vatican Council keeps offering 55 years later. In the presentation of the conciliar text, we have included the theological-historical processes that resulted in the modern refl ection on the oboeditio fi dei. That is why, starting from the problem of freedom, we will distinguish the principles or elements that have influenced the development and understanding of this concept. Among the conclusions we will be able to underline how Vatican II emphasizes a personal encounter with the Revelation, the commitment to the human being and the recognition of his/her dignity as a child of God, the effort to humanize social structures, and the understanding of Christian freedom as a rediscovery of our human vocation.