Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has notoriously diminished in our country, especially in the pediatric population, and frequently is not considered among the differential diagnosis of refractory pneumonia. It is of interest to report an unusual presentation of TB, since delayed diagnosis may lead to severe complications. Objective: Present a clinical case and an update review of endobronchial TB. Case-report: An 8 months-old infant with right upper lobe (RUL) pneumonia, refractory to treatment with conventional antibiotics. Lung computed tomography showed extensive RUL consolidation with hiliar and mediastinic lymph nodes suggesting TB. Positive gastric aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage baciloscopy confirmed TB and flexible bronchoscopy showed caseum occluding the lumen of the RUL bronchi. Anti-TB treatment (4 drugs) and Prednisone lead to clinical, radiological and endoscopic improvement. The objective is emphasize the importance of investigating TB as a possible etiology of refractory pneumonia and the benefit of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients