Anemia is one of the most common manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), specially during the dialysis period. Growth failure and a high cardiovascular morbimortality are 2 of the most important consequences. Objective: To present a review of the current concepts in diagnosis and management of anemia in pediatric CRF patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) deficit is the main cause of anemia, requiring exogenous replacement through intravenous or subcutaneous route, in hemodialyzed or peritoneodialyzed patients respectively. A longer half-life allows to use EPO one or twice weekly when given by intraperitoneal route, in order to reach a target hemoglobin between 11-12 gr/dl, a level that avoids the cardiovascular risk associated to higher levels as described in adult CRF population. In pediatrics, 100-300 U/kg/weekly can be used to reach the desired hemoglobin levels, always monitoring about the potential complications of EPO, specially arterial hypertension. If anemia seems to be resistent to EPO therapy, iron deficit should be considered and properly treated, as described in this article. Ferritin and saturation of hemoglobin need to be routinely monitored to diagnose iron status in these patients, values less than 100 ng/ml and 20% respectively require exogenous suplementation. Iron doses in pediatrics still need to be defined. Anemia needs to be evaluated and treated in all CRF children, properly management must always be instaured in order to prevent its undesired effects