Iron supplementation is one of the strategies used for preventing iron deficiency when the population at risk does not have access to iron fortified foods, or during pregnancy because of very high iron requirements that should be covered in a short period of time. In our country, based on the prevalencia of iron deficiency, suplementación has been addressed to the pregnant woman, starting from the second trimester of gestation and to infants not receiving iron-fortified foods. It would be of a high interest to consider the suplementación of women in fertile age what would allow them to begin pregnancy with adequate iron stores avoiding the adverse effects of iron deficiency. An appropriate motivation and education, utilization of the lower recommended iron doses, and use of iron compounds that have a low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects can improve the effectiveness of iron supplementation.