This paper starts from the analysis of two archaeological objects to approach key questions in the understanding of socio-historical processes of indigenous populations that inhabited the Santiago del Estero plain, during Late Prehispanic and Early Colonial periods. These issues refer to the management of textiles and fibers used by populations which had a great development of spinning, and to the role of metal objects in a region lacking a metallurgical tradition. For this we perform the techno-morphological analysis and the date of the first textile fragment capable of being studied, as well as the determination of the composition by X-ray diffraction and manufacture analysis of a circular metal plate to which the textile was adhered. We also integrate information from textile pseudomorphs registered in metallic objects found in the region and other evidence and data related to the subject and derived from the study of collections, our own excavations, regional literature and historical sources from the colonial period. This information corpus is put into perspective in relation to the regional socio-cultural context to approach the discussion not only of local processes but also of macro-regional events such as the incaic advance and the hispanic conquest.