This article attempts to offer an alternative interpretation of Francisco de Vitoria's international thought. Much of the literature on his De Indis (1532) characterizes his view of international order as one that either opposed of justified Spanish imperialism in the New World. As against such conventional interpretations, I argue that this text is not fundamentally about the condemnation or justification of empire but, more importantly, a broad view of order that limits the exercise of state power and the recourse to war. Furthermore, it constructs a clear notion of sovereignty and international relations applicable to political communities based on an iusnaturalistic conceptualization of law and politics in the Spanish Renaissance.