Various studies have explained the origins of the neoliberal system and its different expressions in the global urban context. The present article in addition to discussing the origins and applications of neoliberalism in Latin America, seeks to explain the role of urban restructuring in the implementation of neoliberal policies in South American port-cities. In this context, a bibliographic analysis was developed on the origins of neoliberalism and its behavior in Latin America and interviews were conducted with key informants who provided an explanation of the role of urban restructuring as an important part of sustaining the neoliberal system in South American cities. The research results leads to different forms of application and expressions of neoliberalism in the port-cities of Rosario (Argentina) and Valparaiso (Chile).