The article analyzes and compares the processes of development of the western habitus through educational-evangelizing practices on Easter Island (Rapanui population) and on Dawson Island Kawesqar (alacalufe) and Selk nam (ona) populations. It is argued that in both situations and in relatively similar times a process of transformation and cultural replacement is attempted through cultural practices that seek to sum up and be systemic. It is established that the differences between both cases are due to contextual factors but that they are only two variations of the same western transculturation project.