The following article discusses the vision of agrarian society at the beginning of the 20th century, based on the relationship between literature and historiography. From a critical analysis of the literature of Luis Durand it can be seen that he anticipates problems that the historiography on the Araucania studied later. In this sense, Durand's literature was a pioneer in the construction of representations of the subjects involved in the border society, but with an integrationist intentionality to the Chilean state and marked by a naturalization of social inequalities based on gender, race and class factors.