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Super Hot Cores in NGC 253: Witnessing the formation and early evolution of super star clusters
Indexado
WoS WOS:000512306500110
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85088954735
DOI 10.1093/MNRAS/STZ3347
Año 2020
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Using 0.2 arcsec (similar to 3 pc) ALMA images of vibrationally excited HC3N emission (HC3N*) we reveal the presence of eight unresolved Super Hot Cores (SHCs) in the inner 160 pc of NGC253. Our LTE and non-LTE modelling of the HC3N* emission indicate that SHCs have dust temperatures of 200-375 K, relatively high H-2 densities of (1-6) x 10(6) cm(-3) and high IR luminosities of (0.1-1) x 10(8) L-circle dot. As expected from their short-lived phase (similar to 10(4) yr), all SHCs are associated with young super star clusters (SSCs). We use the ratio of luminosities from the SHCs (protostar phase) and from the free-free emission (ZAMS star phase), to establish the evolutionary stage of the SSCs. The youngest SSCs, with the larges ratios, have ages of a few 10(4) yr (proto-SSCs) and the more evolved SSCs are likely between 105 and 10(6) yr (ZAMS-SSCs). The different evolutionary stages of the SSCs are also supported by the radiative feedback from the UV radiation as traced by the HNCO/CS ratio, with this ratio being systematically higher in the young proto-SSCs than in the older ZAMS-SSCs. We also estimate the SFR and the SFE of the SSCs. The trend found in the estimated SFE (similar to 40 per cent for proto-SSCs and > 85 per cent for ZAMS-SSCs) and in the gas mass reservoir available for star formation, one order of magnitude higher for proto-SSCs, suggests that star formation is still going on in proto-SSCs. We also find that the most evolved SSCs are located, in projection, closer to the centre of the galaxy than the younger proto-SSCs, indicating an inside-out SSC formation scenario.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Rico-Villas, F. Hombre CSIC - España
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) - España
CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) - España
2 Martín-Pintado, J. Hombre CSIC - España
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) - España
CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) - España
3 GONZALEZ-ALFONSO, EDUARDO Hombre Univ Alcala De Henares - España
Universidad de Alcalá - España
Univ Alcala - España
4 Martin, S. - ESO - Chile
Atacama Large Millimeter Array - Chile
5 Rivilla, V. M. Hombre Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Italia
Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri - Italia
INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri - Italia

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Origen de Citas Identificadas



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Citas identificadas: Las citas provienen de documentos incluidos en la base de datos de DATACIENCIA

Citas Identificadas: 5.26 %
Citas No-identificadas: 94.74 %

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Citas identificadas: Las citas provienen de documentos incluidos en la base de datos de DATACIENCIA

Citas Identificadas: 5.26 %
Citas No-identificadas: 94.74 %

Financiamiento



Fuente
National Science Foundation
European Union
National Science Council
Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades
Horizon 2020
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
National Research Council Canada
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Maria de Maeztu
Marie Sklodowska-Curie
JAO
Associated Universities
Australian Diabetes Society
Mar?a de Maeztu

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
We thank the anonymous referee for the suggestions that contributed to improve the paper. The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities supported this research under grant number ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R, PhD fellowship BES-2016-078808 and MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia 'Maria de Maeztu'. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00191.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00973.S, and ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00735.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. This research made use of ASTROPY, a community-developed core PYTHON package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013). VMR has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 664931.
We thank the anonymous referee for the suggestions that contributed to improve the paper. The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities supported this research under grant number ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R, Ph.D. fellowship BES-2016-078808 and MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia 'Mar?a de Maeztu'. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00191.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00973.S, and ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00735.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. This research made use of ASTROPY, a community-developed core PYTHON package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013). VMR has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk.odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 664931.

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