Nosocomial infection rates among patients mainly depend on the severity of illness, the therapeutic interventions undertaken, and the exposure to invasive devices or procedures(i.e.,useofcentralvenouscatheters, mechanical ventilation, and urinary catheters). In addition, after allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), patients are at increased risk for acquiring 1 potentially life-threatening nosocomial infection.