In recent years, numerous studies conducted on teleost fish have highlighted the contribution of transcriptomic studies in elucidating the physiological mechanisms underlying the molecular events of oogenesis and follicular atresia, enabling the identification of potential genes and molecular networks that participate in both the reproductive cycle and the process of follicular atresia. Atresia can affect the reproductive potential of females by reducing the healthy eggs that a female can spawn in both aquaculture and wild populations. The substantial diversity of reproductive strategies exhibited by teleost fish has contributed to the difficulty in identifying common genes between species, but a set of core genes has emerged as potential markers for atresia in relation to apoptosis/autophagy, lipid metabolism, oxidative metabolism and other physiological processes similar to those identified in other vertebrates, even mammals. We review the current status of the genes that have been identified in ovaries with atretic oocytes. Our primary goal is to review the current status regarding gene expression during gonadal development and follicular atresia. This information will enable us to understand the factors and expression patterns involved in the follicular atresia of teleost fish.