This article analyzes the economic and social policies implemented during the Evo Morales governments in Bolivia, which many scholars and social activists consider as a unique case of heterodox economic development. It seeks to contribute to the understanding of Bolivia's development and economic process over the last decade from a human-rights perspective, including challenges and contradictions. The questions covered include if there was social and economic inclusion during Evo Morales' governments, and if so, to what extent; which main economic and social policies were implemented by the government to reduce poverty and inequality; and whether the socioeconomic model implemented was sustainable economically, financially, and environmentally. The article shows that from 2006 to 2019, Bolivia was successful in turning itself into a thriving economy in the region while reducing significantly poverty and inequality. Yet there has been an emerging need to reassess the economic and environmental sustainability of the prevailing model in view of the fiscal imbalance caused by the fall in oil commodity prices in 2014, the rapid loss of international reserves, increased public debt, high dependency on extractivism and limited economic diversification, a regressive tax system, and the large degree of informality in the economy. The discussion includes state agents' brutal acts of repression against the population in the aftermath of the 2019 presidential elections.