This work was conceived as an archaeological review of the historical event known as the Battle of San Francisco Hill or Dolores Battle, which took place on November 19, 1879, as part of the Chilean military campaign in the then Peruvian Tarapaca Department during the Pacific War. Through this work we sought to compare the archaeological data with the available documentary sources about this battle. In order to do this, archaeological concepts and methodologies were used with the goal of supplementing or reassessing the historical documentation about this battle, as well as carrying out a territorial analysis of the area where this event took place. Knowledge of the material associated with the military action of 1879 was made possible by the examination of the collection of the Military Museum "Tarapaca", which belongs to the 6th Division of the Chilean Army and is located in the city of Iquique, Tarapaca Region. This allowed the correct identification of battle-related-materials found later in the course of fieldwork, also making it possible to determine what side employed the objects found.