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Discovery of a Photoionized Bipolar Outflow toward the Massive Protostar G45.47+0.05
Indexado
WoS WOS:000502783000001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85078000699
DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/AB5309
Año 2019
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Massive protostars generate strong radiation feedback, which may help set the mass that they achieve by the end of the accretion process. Studying such feedback is therefore crucial for understanding the formation of massive stars. We report the discovery of a photoionized bipolar outflow toward the massive protostar G45.47+0.05 using high-resolution observations at 1.3 mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and at 7 mm with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). By modeling the free-free continuum, the ionized outflow is found to be a photoevaporation flow with an electron temperature of 10,000 K and an electron number density of similar to 1.5 x 10(7) cm(-3) at the center, launched from a disk of radius of 110 au. H30 alpha hydrogen recombination line emission shows strong maser amplification, with G45 being one of very few sources to show such millimeter recombination line masers. The mass of the driving source is estimated to be 30-50 M based on the derived ionizing photon rate, or 30-40 M based on the H30 alpha kinematics. The kinematics of the photoevaporated material is dominated by rotation close to the disk plane, while accelerated to outflowing motion above the disk plane. The mass loss rate of the photoevaporation outflow is estimated to be similar to(2-3.5) x 10(-5) M yr(-1). We also found hints of a possible jet embedded inside the wide-angle ionized outflow with nonthermal emissions. The possible coexistence of a jet and a massive photoevaporation outflow suggests that, in spite of the strong photoionization feedback, accretion is still ongoing.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Zhang, Yichen - RIKEN - Japón
RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research - Japón
2 TANAKA, KEI E., I Mujer Osaka Univ - Japón
Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
3 Rosero, Viviana Mujer Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos
National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro - Estados Unidos
4 Tan, Jonathan C. Hombre Chalmers Univ Technol - Suecia
UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
Chalmers University of Technology - Suecia
University of Virginia - Estados Unidos
5 Marvil, Joshua Hombre Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos
National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro - Estados Unidos
6 Cheng, Yu - UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
University of Virginia - Estados Unidos
7 Liu, Mengyao - UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
University of Virginia - Estados Unidos
8 Beltran, Maria T. Mujer Osserv Astrofis Arcetri - Italia
Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri - Italia
9 GARAY BRIGNARDELLO, GUIDO ALEJANDRO Hombre Universidad de Chile - Chile

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Financiamiento



Fuente
University of Virginia
JSPS KAKENHI grant
CONICYT project
NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research grant
ERC project MSTAR
RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program
Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
Osaka University
Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D
Chalmers Tekniska Högskola
Japan Department of Earth and Space Science
RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
We thank Boy Lankhaar for valuable discussions. This Letter makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA#2015.1.01454.S, and ADS/JAO. ALMA#2017.1. 00181.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. Y.Z. acknowledges supports from RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program and JSPS KAKENHI grant JP19K14774. K.E.I.T. acknowledges support from NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research grant No. 2017-05A, JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. JP19H05080, JP19K14760. J.C.T. acknowledges support from ERC project MSTAR. G.G. acknowledges support from CONICYT project AFB-170002.
Yichen Zhang Kei E. I. Tanaka Viviana Rosero Jonathan C. Tan Joshua Marvil Yu Cheng Mengyao Liu Maria T. Beltr�n Guido Garay Yichen Zhang Kei E. I. Tanaka Viviana Rosero Jonathan C. Tan Joshua Marvil Yu Cheng Mengyao Liu Maria T. Beltr�n Guido Garay Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan ALMA Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801, USA Department of Space, Earth & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA INAF—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy Departamento de Astronom�a, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile Yichen Zhang, Kei E. I. Tanaka, Viviana Rosero, Jonathan C. Tan, Joshua Marvil, Yu Cheng, Mengyao Liu, Maria T. Beltr�n and Guido Garay 2019-11-20 2019-11-13 13:25:36 cgi/release: Article released bin/incoming: New from .zip Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. JSPS KAKENHI JP19K14774 JSPS KAKENHI JP19H05080 JSPS KAKENHI JP19K14760 ERC MSTAR CONICYT AFB-170002 yes Massive protostars generate strong radiation feedback, which may help set the mass that they achieve by the end of the accretion process. Studying such feedback is therefore crucial for understanding the formation of massive stars. We report the discovery of a photoionized bipolar outflow toward the massive protostar G45.47+0.05 using high-resolution observations at 1.3 mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and at 7 mm with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). By modeling the free–free continuum, the ionized outflow is found to be a photoevaporation flow with an electron temperature of 10,000 K and an electron number density of ∼1.5�נ10 7 cm −3 at the center, launched from a disk of radius of 110 au. H30 α hydrogen recombination line emission shows strong maser amplification, with G45 being one of very few sources to show such millimeter recombination line masers. The mass of the driving source is estimated to be 30–50 M ⊙ based on the derived ionizing photon rate, or 30–40 M ⊙ based on the H30 α kinematics. The kinematics of the photoevaporated material is dominated by rotation close to the disk plane, while accelerated to outflowing motion above the disk plane. 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