The ritual of baptism was one of the first aspects that indigenous peoples adopted from Christianity, however, it has been difficult to measure the level of incorporation of this sacrament [aspect of Christian rituality] into the indigenous practices. I will explain the reasons that lead me to propose that baptism had been adopted as a common ritual in the Andean towns of the Altos de Arica during the late colonial period, which was related to various symbolic actions, such as giving a persons name, pointing a godparent but also with the registration of legitimacy that guaranteed certain hereditary rights. The analysis is based on the information contained in the books of the parish of Belen, which includes the records of all the indigenous peoples who composed the doctrine