Darwin's contribution to the knowledge of Chilean terrestrial vertebrates (i.e., amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) may be seen from two perspectives: his taxonomic contributions and his natural history contributions. In general, it may be said that: a) Darwin collected numerous specimens, many of them resulting to be new species (36), some of which even represented new genera (seven), all still valid. b) Darwin himself described only three species that occur in Chile (birds), one of which still remains valid, the other two having been passed to synonymy. c) Darwin, as a source of inspiration to other taxonomists, was honored by being dedicated seven species present in Chile, which thus carry the binomial name darwini. d) Darwin described natural history observations of about 40 bird and 14 mammal species that he saw or collected along his errands in Chile, most of them in the Patagonian, southern, and central parts of the country. Curiously, the two taxonomically most spectacular findings of Darwin in Chile, Darwin's Rhea (Pterocnemia pennata) and Darwin's fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes), do not honor their discoverer neither in their scientific or Spanish vernacular name.