Rodulfo Amando Philippi (1808-1904) is considered one of most influential in the development of natural sciences in Chile. Among his scientific endeavors, fie contributed taxonomic descriptions of the biological diversity of Chile, encompassing organisms in three living kingdoms: plants, animals and fungi. In this article we examine his contribution to the knowledge of the biological wealth of Chile, quantifying the number and proportion of current valid species he described. Our findings indicate that Philippi described 1,670 valid species. equivalent to 5.8 % of the recognized biological diversity for Chile. His greatest contributions were in vascular plants with 1,017 species descriptions. which represent 19 % of the vascular flora of Chile. Special mention is made regarding specific groups, such as amphibians, phasmids, dermapterans and dipterans, whose current diversity includes 14, 30, 16 and 9 % of species described by Philippi, respectively. In comparison to other taxonomists, R. A. Philippi is the author of the largest number of valid species in the biota of Chile.