Three new penguin skulls (Spheniscidae), assigned to the new species Pygoscelis calderensis sp. nov. from the Bahia Inglesa Formation of Middle Miocene-Pliocene age located south of Caldera on the coast of the III Region de Atacama, Chile (27 degrees 00'S, 70 degrees 45'W to 28 degrees 00', 71 degrees 00'W), are described. This finding broadens the geographic and chronologic distribution of the genus, constituting its most northern record. Before the present work, the genus was known from the Late Pliocene of New Zealand. This record, together with other faunistic evidences, suggests the existence of periods or cold oceanic currents during the Neogene.