The main goal of this article is to explain the relations hip between the concepts of Solidarity / Human Rights and the effective practices developed by the Social Work that the Vicariate of Solidarity (VS) implemented during Pinochet's dictatorship in Chile, 1973 and 1983. We can highlight two main conclusions. First, both Solidarity and Human Rights were understood by the agents associated with the VS as agglutinative and legitimating concepts of social action. Secondly, the use and projection of both concepts - and all their practical implications - from an institution of a religious nature, contributed to the process analyzed here an additional complexity, in terms of coexisting versions endowed with different degrees of secularization and politicization in each one of concepts.