Objective: to identify lethality and mortality rates and, mortality risk factors in ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) on 114 patients treated between 2000 and 2007. Method: Twenty five risk factors were analyzed, emphasizing age, gender, APACHE score, associated diseases, hypotension at intake, coma, hospitalization time, length of time of ventilation, emergency intubation, reintubation, previous antibiotics, and resistant microrganisms. Results: Lethality was 25.4%, and mortality was 2.4%. Association between lethality, and APACHE score was found (p: 0.04). Critical APACHE value was 22. Also, in early Pneumonia, association between lethality and nasogastric tube (p: 0.01, I.C. 95 % 1.39 -6.35)was found. No association with late pneumonia was found among, mortality and clinical practices. Death's RR (relative risk) increase in following values with: previous neurological disease 2.7 (p: 0.15. IC 95 % 1.15 - 6.5), neurological coma RR 2 (p: 0.2, IC 95 % 0.54 - 7.53). Nevertheless, at multivariate analysis no mortality risk factors were identified. Fair association with time in ICU (p: 0.051 IC 95 % 0.99 - 1.17) and, male sex (p: 0.051, IC 95 % 0.99 - 6.72) was found. Conclusions: We observed Multiple factors associated to mortality in VAP: use of nasogastric catheter, longer stay in ICU and male sex.