This article contributes with a conceptual definition that supports the empirical investigation of neoliberalism, understood as a global phenomenon, dynamic, unfinished and multicentric, through a critical analysis of neoliberal theory. It begins by addressing the main conceptual difficulties, arguing in favor of the use of term neoliberalization. Then, it addresses the recent neoliberalization process in Latin America and the transnational relations established by his economists, as arguments to quit the notion of "neoliberal laboratory". Finally, the conceptual proposal is exposed according to the path traveled, relating theoretical and historical aspects, and highlighting the role of the peripheries.