The status of the Ruddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps (Aves, Anatidae) is reviewed on the basis of observations in Chilean Fuego-Patagonia in 1985-1988 and 1993. The species was observed on a total of 35 days out of 103 field days: 9 on the continent and 26 on Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego. The species was not seen on Navarino Island. Proof of breeding was obtained only once. Observations of C. rubidiceps in Argentine Tierra del Fuego in 1993 and in Neuquen, Argentine Patagonia, in 1999 outside the normal range of the species, are also cited. The total number of birds seen is estimated to be less than 75. The distribution and relative abundance of C. rubidiceps in Fuego-Patagonia in 1985-1988 and 1993 are compared with its three congeners C. picta, C. poliocephala, and C. hybrida. Although C. rubidiceps was found in several sectors of Chilean Fuego-Patagonia it is quite rare in this region, and its numbers have dramatically decreased in the last four decades. The total population in Chilean and Argentine Fuego-Patagonia may not exceed several hundred birds. The possible causes of this decline are discussed, and measures are suggested for the urgent job of conserving this species, which is in serious danger of becoming extinct in South America. These measures include immediate removal of C. rubidiceps from the list of pest (plaga) species and its placement on the endangered list, and a campaign to advertise the plight of the species and to indicate to residents of Patagonia the importance of the species in the steppe ecosystem of their region.