The 19th Century is, perhaps, one of the most complex period of the chilean's history as a builder of a national identity. One image that is developed throughout the century, and that will put face to face the intellectuals with the traditional oligarchy will be the one of the "roto chileno", in an attempt to establish the construction of an iconographic repertoire of a Modern Republic and a country-image, but mainly oriented to define a social class, which was strongly sustained in an imaginary constructed in favor of its own interests.