The article, through four different considerations of the topic, analyzes the history, application and significance of the idea of a Second Independence beginning at its source with the romantic thinkers of the 19(th) Century (Esteban Echeverria, Jose Victorino Lastarria, Francisco Bilbao); later gaining strength and clarity with Jose Marti; coming to rest in the Chile of the 60s and the point of view of Salvador Allende. Finally, the current situation and what should be its future validity with a view to the Bicentennial is analyzed.