We present a model of contemporary pollen dispersal and its relation with climate and vegetation in a transect from the Pacific to the Atlantic Oceans (42-44-degrees-S and 74-degrees 15'-63-degrees 20'W). This transect comprises continental and insular Chiloe in Chile, and the central north of the Province of Chubut in Argentina. Multivariate statistical methods (Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis) were applied for 74 pollen rain samples collected along the west-east transect. The pollen assemblages obtained were correlated with plant formations, environmental factors and disturbance regimes. The contrast between the pollen spectra from west and east of the Andes would be determined by the strong differences in average annual precipitation levels. Temperate rainforests, and high andean formations in both cordilleras, associated to precipitation levels that range from 600 to more than 3000 mm annuals, are characterized by arboreal pollen. On the other hand, the Patagonian Steppe and the Monte, with precipitation levels that range from 100 to 300 mm are characterized by shrubby and herbaceous pollen taxa. The degree of equability would be a significative variable in the altitudinal distribution of pollen rain in forests and semi-deserts. Forests growing at lower and intermediate altitudes (up to 400 m), and the Central Steppe and the Monte, are developing in relatively equable environment. They may be segregated from higher altitude formations (above 400 m) and the western Steppe, which are developing in more unstable conditions. The contrast between the pollen spectra of forests located at lower and intermediate levels of both cordilleras seems to be determined mostly by temperature and mediterranean influences: The Valdivian forest (100-300 m) with Eucryphia/Caldcluvia, Aextoxicon punctatum and Weinmannia trichosperma, and the North-Patagonian forest (250-600 m) with Drimys winteri, Lepidoceras kingii and Myrtaceae. The distribution of pollen rain in the arid and semi-arid regions east of the Andes would be determined by temperature and the annual distribution of precipitation: the western Steppe is characterized by Poaceae, Cyperacea, Caryophyllaceae, Mulinum spinosum and Fabaceae, with average temperatures around 8-degrees-C and precipitation confine to the winter months. On the other hand, the Monte, with Larrea, Chuquiraga, Prosopis, Chenopodiineae, Schinus and Lycium, with temperatures between 11-degrees and 14-degrees-C and a more homogeneous annual distribution of rainfall. In this model, we discuss the use of current pollen rain, and its climatic implications, in relation with documented fossil pollen records of the last glacial-interglacial cycle of temperate South America.