The reconstruction of the digestive tract with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis has been performed more frequently in the last years mainly due to the overgrowth in the surgical treatment of obesity by gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y. The obesity pandemic is also associated with an increase in both the preoperative and postoperative diagnosis of gallstones in this population. Bearing in mind the greater complexity of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in these circumstances, the authors have reviewed the various endoscopic approaches available, evaluating 249 articles published between 1990 and 2010 obtained from Medline, Cochrane and Scielo, excluding case reports and articles outside the specific scope of this study. Endoscopic techniques with high success rates include the use of enteroscope, colonoscope, enteral and transgastric access combined with surgery. Even with the technological progress already made, further development of the instruments used will be necessary if greater comfort and safety is to be achieved with this procedure.