This article aims to briefly present the current state of research in the field of Old Testament studies. At the same time, the introduction to this issue is intended to be accessible to an audience who is not necessarily specialized in the field, but who is knowledgeable in some fundamental theological categories, particularly from the perspective of systematic theology. The presentation begins by referring to the most important change in terms of the ways to face the study of Old Testament texts, also making special reference to the historical aspect. Further, it proceeds to make a presentation according to the most characteristic areas: Pentateuch, Deuteronomistic work, Prophets and Wisdom Writings. Finally, it concludes presenting some particular challenges in relation to the interaction of the Old Testament theology and systematic theology.