This paper reflects on the reading and transcription of the Relacion/account of his government by Don Francisco de Borja y Aragon, Prince of Esquilache, Viceroy of Peru, from 1616 to 1621, and of the later Sentencia/sentence by the Consejo Real de Indias (Royal Council of Indias), ordered by the King Philip IV, and carried out by Licenciado Antonio Fernandez Montiel on January 7th, 1626. The information and reflections given in this paper, come from the ongoing work for the publication of the abovementioned texts critical edition.